Thursday, April 24, 2014

Year 8 - H&G NOtes- 24.4.14

Thai sikh International School
Year 8,Geo Notes [6.1 Energy,Fuels, and Electricity]
1.      What are Fuels? Name the different types of Fuels?
Fuels are store of energy. The different types are: 1) the fossil fuel namely gas, coal and oil. 2) Nuclear fuels and 3) Wood, straw and even rubbish.
2.      Differentiate between renewable and non renewable resources.
The fossil fuels that we use such as oil, gas and coal will get exhausted one day. They are the remains of plants and animals. So we call them as non renewable resources.
But wood is different. It won’t run out- we can keep growing new trees. So wood is a renewable resource.
3.      Name the different sources from where electricity can be produced.
From hydro electric stations, wind farm, sea waves and tides and from solar power stations.
4.      Explain how electricity is produced from power stations using steam and is distributed.
In the power stations, they first boil the water to make steam. They heat the water by burning a fuel like oil, gas or coal. Then the jet of steam makes the turbine spin. Next to the turbine is the generator. It contains the electromagnet, inside the coil of wire. When turbine spins, the electromagnet spins too. This gives electricity in the wire. The cables carry it away to homes, schools, offices and factories.

6.2 and 3. [A red card for the fossil fuel, Energy sources in the UK]

5.      Explain how fossil fuels play a big part in our life.
The electricity we use depends mainly on fossil fuels. The factories that make the things are run on fossil fuels. We depend on oil for transportation and gas for cooking. So fossil fuels play a very big part in our life.
6.      Though fuels make our life comfortable- but they cause problems. Explain them.
1.      Global warming: The fossil fuels give off carbon-dioxide gas when they burn. This makes Earth warm up. We call it global warming. It is causing climate change around the world. It will lead to severe storms, floods, famine and disasters.
2.      Other damages to the environment:
Acid rain: When fossil fuels burn, some gases are acidic and can damage our lungs. These also dissolve in rain to give acid rain. It kill trees and plants fishes and other living things.
7.      Which are the energy sources of UK?
1.      Coal, oil, and gas.
2.      Wind power.


3.      Nuclear power.
4.      Wave power.
5.      Hydro (River water)
6.      Tidal power.
7.      Solar power and
8.      Waste gases from industry.


6.4 More Nuclear power?
8.  What is a nuclear fuel?
A Nuclear fuel is just a metal compound. But it has a special feature-the metal atom is unstable. Sooner or later they break down. We call the unstable atoms radioactive, because they give out radiation.
9.What do you know about Uranium dioxide? Which countries have more deposits?
Uranium dioxide is the main nuclear fuel. There are very tiny amounts of this compound in most rocks, even in the UK. Countries like Canada, Australia have large deposits.
10.What are the good things about nuclear power?
   1. A tiny amount of nuclear fuel gives an enormous amount of energy.
   2. No carbon-dioxide is given out. So it does not add to global warming.
   3. It does not produce much waste.
11. What are the bad things about nuclear power?
   1.  Radiation is very dangerous. A big blast of it can kill us. A small dose can cause cancer.
   2. Waste material from the nuclear reaction is also radioactive and dangerous.
12. Write a note on Chernobyl disaster.
     In 1986, a nuclear reactor exploded in the nuclear power station at Chernobyl, in Ukraine. It
  caused deadly particles to shoot out through the damaged roof.  56 people died soon after explosion and 10,000 people who were in the area died later. The deadly particles were carried far away by the wind.

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