Thai
Sikh International School
Year
8 Hist Notes[ World war II, Causes and
effects]
1.
Give
a short description about World War II.
World War II was the most devastating
war in the human history. It began on 1939 and ended in 1945. At the end of the
war USA and USSR emerged as super powers. Two new weapons were introduced
during the war. They were the long range rocket and the atomic bomb. The
greatest advances were in Air craft and tanks.
2.
What
were the important causes of the Second World War?
1.
The
failure of peace efforts:
During 1920s attempts were made to
achieve a stable peace. The League of Nations established in 1920 could not
settle the disputes between countries. Other peace treaties like Washington
conference of 1921-22, Locarno conference of 1925, and Paris peace pact (1928)
were all failed to achieve its goal.
2. The rise of Fascism:
In 1920, a new form of rule was adopted
in Italy by Benito Mussolini. It was based on Militaristic totalitarianism
(dictorship). The Italian name for this rule was called ‘Fascism’. It promised
the Italian people that the new form of rule was more effective than democracy
to meet the demand of the people.
3.
Formation
of Axis coalition:
In 1933, Hitler became the German chancellor. He
established himself as dictator and was known as Fuhrer (the Leader). Hitler
violated the treaty of Versailles and created a new air force. He also made
treaties with Italy and Japan and became to be known as Rome- Berlin- Tokyo
Axis. This collective term began to be known as Axis – which led to the war.
3.
How did the Second World War begin?
In
September 1, 1939, Germany attacked Poland. On September 3 the British and
French the initial course of the war, Hitler dominated the war. USSR under
Stalin was in no mood to challenge Hitler. USA did not interfere in the war in
the beginning.
4.
Why
did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
In 1941 the US demanded Japan to
withdraw from China and Indochina. Against this the Japanese Army and Navy
devised a plan to counter attack USA. Japan knew that the US pacific fleet was
based at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. On December 7,1941, Japanese carrier based
airplanes struck Pearl Harbor. In the attack, Japan sank and damaged eight
battleships and 13 other naval vessels of US. The Japanese attack brought the US
into the war on December 8.
5.
Give
a brief description about the US attack on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Throughout the Second World War, the US
government had maintained a massive scientific industrial project to develop an
atom bomb. The first bomb was exploded in a test at Alamogordo, New Mexico, on
July 16, 1945. Two more bombs had been built. Against the Pearl Harbor attack,
president, Harry S.Truman decided to allow the bombs to dropped one over
Hiroshima on August 6, and other over Nagasaki on August 9.US puts the number
killed or missing as a result of the bomb in Hiroshima at 60,000-70,000 and
Nagasaki at 40,000.
Objective
type Questions.
1.
Who established the first Fascist
dictatorship in Italy? [Benito Mussolini]
2.
Who is known as Fuhrer (The Leader) [Adolf Hitler.]
3.
Name the countries involved in
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis. [Italy, Germany and Japan.]
4.
When did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
(Give day date and Year) [December 7, 1941, Sunday 8am.]
5.
When did US declare war on Japan?
[December 8,1941.]
6.
When did Germany and Italy declare war
on US? [December 11,1941.]
7.
When did Hitler commit suicide?
[April30,1945.]
8.
Whom did Hitler appoint to be chief of
the state before he committed suicide?
[Grand
Admiral ‘Karl Doenitz ]
9.
When did US and Britain declare victory
in Europe? [May 8,1945.]
10.
How many estimated Military and civilian
died during the Second World War in USSR?
[20
million]
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